An unbiased federal company has change into some of the dependable executors of President Biden’s makes an attempt to battle inflation, at a time when the White Home has few weapons of its personal to shortly convey down stubbornly excessive costs of client staples like groceries.

The Federal Commerce Fee filed a lawsuit on Monday, joined by a number of state attorneys common, to problem a merger between the grocery store giants Kroger and Albertsons. The agency’s rationale in some ways echoed Mr. Biden’s renewed makes an attempt responsible company greed for rising costs and shrinking parts in grocery aisles.

“If allowed, this merger would considerably reduce competitors, probably leading to People paying tens of millions of {dollars} extra for meals and different important family items,” company officers wrote in a authorized grievance. As a result of grocery costs have risen considerably in recent times, they added, “the stakes for People are exceptionally excessive.”

That’s true for shoppers, and it’s true for the president. Extra People disapprove of his dealing with of the financial system than approve of it. Client confidence, whereas improved in latest months, stays comparatively weak for an financial system with low unemployment and strong development just like the one Mr. Biden is presiding over.

An inner evaluation by White Home economists means that no single issue is weighing extra on client sentiment than grocery costs. These prices soared in 2022 and haven’t fallen, although their price of enhance has slowed.

White Home officers concede that there’s little extra Mr. Biden can do unilaterally to scale back grocery costs and even much less probability of legislative assist from Congress. That’s the reason Mr. Biden has resorted to the bully pulpit, calling on shops to scale back costs and chastising snack makers for participating in “shrinkflation” — lowering parts whereas elevating or sustaining costs.

That can be why the F.T.C.’s motion on Monday was so necessary for the president, at the very least politically. Administration officers counsel it demonstrates the federal authorities has taken a giant swing to maintain meals costs from surging additional.

A White Home assertion on the F.T.C. grievance on Monday included a complete paragraph about administrative efforts to convey down grocery costs. Officers declined to remark straight on the lawsuit. However Jon Donenberg, deputy director of the Nationwide Financial Council and director for competitors council coverage, stated within the assertion that “when giant firms will not be checked by wholesome competitors, they too typically don’t move price financial savings on to shoppers and exploit their staff.”

Kroger officers dispute the F.T.C. rationale. They are saying their previous acquisitions have yielded company efficiencies which have translated to decrease costs. “Kroger has a confirmed observe document of reducing costs so extra prospects profit from contemporary, reasonably priced meals, and our proposed merger with Albertsons will imply even decrease costs and extra decisions for America’s shoppers,” the corporate stated in an announcement on Monday.

Mr. Biden and the F.T.C. chair, Lina Khan, have greeted comparable arguments about the advantages of company mergers with intense skepticism.

Early in his time period, Mr. Biden appointed Ms. Khan, who has steered the company to its most aggressive antitrust enforcement in a long time. The president additionally stocked a 2021 govt order, meant to advertise competitors within the financial system, with directives for the F.T.C. — together with to extra stringently scrutinize sure sorts of mergers.

The company has responded vigorously. It has now taken motion towards about 40 mergers, together with tie-ups of online game heavyweights, low cost airways, hospital chains and pharmaceutical corporations. About half of these mergers have been deserted, although the company has not at all times succeeded: A federal choose cleared the way in which final 12 months for the acquisition of the online game maker Activision Blizzard by its rival Microsoft.

These actions have largely delighted a college of progressive economists and economists who blame elevated company focus for increased client costs and decrease employee wages.

Some new champions of aggressive antitrust enforcement, together with some Republican senators, have urged the company to go even additional, to interrupt up massive tech corporations. A bipartisan set of lawmakers has pushed it to dam the newly announced merger between the bank card titans Capital One and Uncover.

When Mr. Biden issued his competitors order, lower than six months into his presidency, he centered it on staff. When corporations get too massive, he argued, they achieve energy to maintain wages low.

Since then, Mr. Biden has seen his financial message consumed by probably the most fast value will increase America had skilled in 4 a long time. By the top of his first 12 months, Mr. Biden’s aides had been starting to border his competitors efforts within the language of taming inflation.

F.T.C. officers have leaned into the value argument. “Truthful competitors and a verify on company monopoly energy brings down the prices of every little thing from pharmaceuticals and cars to on a regular basis grocery objects like milk, bread and eggs,” Douglas Farrar, an company spokesman, stated on Monday.

Former Biden officers say the company is now serving to advance the president’s inflation efforts.

“Investigating, growing and litigating these instances takes time,” stated Bharat Ramamurti, a former financial aide to Mr. Biden and an architect of his competitors agenda.

“I wish to suppose that this was all a part of the plan.”