In a landmark victory for organized labor, employees at a Volkswagen plant in Tennessee have voted overwhelmingly to hitch the United Vehicle Staff union, turning into the primary nonunion auto plant in a Southern state to take action.

The corporate mentioned in a statement late Friday that the union had gained 2,628 votes, with 985 opposed, in a three-day election. Two earlier bids by the U.A.W. to arrange the Chattanooga manufacturing unit during the last 10 years have been narrowly defeated.

The result is a breakthrough for the labor motion in a area the place anti-union sentiment has been robust for many years. And it comes six months after the U.A.W. gained document wage beneficial properties and improved advantages in negotiations with the Detroit automakers.

The U.A.W. has for greater than 80 years represented employees employed by Basic Motors, Ford Motor and Stellantis, the producer of Chrysler, Jeep, Ram and Dodge autos, and has organized some heavy-truck and bus factories within the South.

However the union had failed in earlier makes an attempt to arrange any of the 2 dozen car factories owned by different corporations throughout an space stretching from South Carolina to Texas and as far north as Ohio and Indiana.

With the victory in Chattanooga, the U.A.W. will flip its focus to different Southern vegetation. A vote will happen in mid-Might at a Mercedes-Benz plant in Vance, Ala., close to Tuscaloosa. The U.A.W. is hoping to arrange a half-dozen or extra vegetation over the subsequent two years.

“Tonight you all collectively have taken a large, historic step,” Shawn Fain, the president of the U.A.W., mentioned at a celebratory gathering in Chattanooga. “Tonight we have fun this historic second in our nation’s and our union’s historical past. Let’s get to it and go to work and win extra for the working class of this nation.”

A string of victories for the U.A.W. might have profound results for Southern auto employees and the broader auto trade. Nonunion auto employees usually earn considerably decrease wages than these in U.A.W.-represented vegetation, and collective bargaining might deliver them substantial will increase in pay, advantages and job safety.

“Volkswagen employees could have an opportunity for higher pay and dealing circumstances beneath a collective bargaining settlement,” mentioned Arthur Wheaton, director of labor research at Cornell College Faculty of Industrial and Labor Relations. “They’ll have loads of job protections beneath a union contract that they don’t have now.”

At G.M., Ford and Stellantis, any layoffs should be deliberate with advance discover to the union, and employees get supplemented unemployment advantages. Nonunion vegetation don’t should take such measures.

A big U.A.W. presence within the South would additionally upset an automotive panorama during which U.A.W. contracts have left G.M., Ford and Stellantis with greater labor prices than nonunion rivals like Toyota, Honda, Nissan, Tesla and Hyundai.

“This can be a watershed second for the trade,” mentioned Harley Shaiken, a professor emeritus on the College of California, Berkeley, who has adopted the U.A.W. for greater than three many years. “It units an instance that might resonate throughout the trade, and throughout different industries the place there’s a big presence of nonunion employees.”

The U.A.W.’s success within the negotiations with the Massive Three within the fall set off a surge in curiosity amongst Southern autoworkers in organizing their very own vegetation, the union mentioned, and prompted the U.A.W. to kick off a $40 million effort to assist them.

Volkswagen employees who voted in favor of U.A.W. illustration mentioned they hoped the union would assist them win greater wages and extra paid day off. The Chattanooga manufacturing unit presently pays a prime wage of about $35 an hour, in contrast with the highest wage of greater than $40 an hour that G.M., Ford and Stellantis now pay U.A.W. employees.

The U.A.W. contracts additionally present well being care protection that’s nearly totally paid by the businesses, substantial profit-sharing bonuses, cost-of-living changes to insulate employees from inflation and beneficiant retirement applications.

Amongst these voting for the U.A.W. in Chattanooga was Tony Akridge, 48, who’s in his second 12 months on the VW plant, engaged on motors and transmissions on the evening shift. His $23 hourly wage exceeded what he earned in earlier jobs, he mentioned, however he voted for the U.A.W. in hopes that the union might assist enhance employees’ dwelling requirements.

“It provides us a greater alternative,” Mr. Akridge mentioned. “They pay us OK, but it surely’s not adequate for the issues they want completed. Noting the rising price of dwelling, he added that the union “will get higher advantages towards that, making life just a bit bit less difficult.”

Others are relying on U.A.W. illustration to deliver extra paid day off. Most VW employees should both take unpaid day off when the plant shuts down in the summertime and across the holidays, or use paid day off to cowl these intervals. In the event that they do, many are left with only some days to cowl any sick days or household depart the remainder of the 12 months, employees mentioned.

“We’re pressured to make use of our P.T.O. quite a bit as a substitute of utilizing it on our personal phrases generally,” mentioned Craig Jackson, 56, who voted for the union.

On the Detroit automakers, U.A.W. employees stand up to 5 weeks of trip and 19 paid holidays, and are allowed two weeks for parental depart.

Staff who opposed the union at VW mentioned they have been uncertain what beneficial properties the U.A.W. might deliver them.

“You actually don’t have any type of assure with them,” mentioned Darrell Belcher, 54, who has labored on the meeting ground for 13 years and voted in opposition to the U.A.W. within the two earlier elections on the plant. “I’m not saying we gained’t acquire something, however we’re most likely going to lose one thing simply to realize it.”

Because the voting was about to start out, the governors of Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Texas — all Republicans — issued a statement on Tuesday saying unionizing would jeopardize auto jobs of their states.

“We wish to maintain good-paying jobs and proceed to develop the American auto manufacturing sector right here,” the governors mentioned. “A profitable unionization drive will cease this development in its tracks, to the detriment of American employees.”

However even some VW employees who opposed the U.A.W. mentioned they didn’t suppose union illustration would endanger the Chattanooga plant. “I don’t really feel that the plant will depart Chattanooga or the South,” mentioned Cody Rose, 34, a 13-year veteran of the plant who works in physique store manufacturing. “Volkswagen has an excessive amount of invested on this space.”

The Chattanooga plant opened in 2011, and employs 5,500 folks, of whom about 4,300 have been eligible to vote within the union election. The plant produces the VW Atlas, a big sport utility car, and an electrical car, the ID.4. It’s Volkswagen’s solely plant in america, and was the one VW plant on the planet that was not unionized.

The U.A.W. had some benefits in profitable assist at Volkswagen. Its effort had the assist of IG Metall, the highly effective union that represents autoworkers in Germany. German corporations even have a powerful custom of giving employees a voice. Below German regulation, employee representatives should maintain half the seats on an organization’s supervisory board, the equal of a board of administrators.

The U.A.W. can now flip its consideration to the Mercedes plant in Alabama, which employs about 6,100 folks. The union tried to arrange that plant as soon as earlier than, however the effort died out earlier than coming to a vote.

Jamie McGee contributed reporting.