The normal gathering of former Treasury secretaries to welcome a newly minted one into the fold is normally a lighthearted and nice affair. However when the group convened this month, on President Trump’s “Liberation Day,” the tone was strikingly severe.

The dinner, organized by former Treasury Secretary Steven T. Mnuchin, passed off at a second of tumult for the U.S. economic system. The president had upended international commerce with punishing tariffs on each allies and adversaries, and Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent was on the heart of it, defending a coverage that many within the room seen as financial malpractice.

“The temper was somber,” mentioned W. Michael Blumenthal, 99, who led the Treasury Division within the Carter administration and was in attendance.

Mr. Bessent was pressed over the technique behind the tariffs and the impression that they’d have on the economic system, in keeping with Mr. Blumenthal and different folks conversant in the dinner. At instances, Mr. Bessent elevated his voice when his predecessors confronted him about Mr. Trump’s method.

“He didn’t simply smile,” Mr. Blumenthal recalled. “There he’s — he has to defend it.”

The visitor checklist included Robert E. Rubin, Henry M. Paulson, Lawrence H. Summers, Timothy F. Geithner and Jack Lew. Former Treasury Secretary Janet L. Yellen was touring in Australia and didn’t attend, a spokesman mentioned.

The Treasury Division declined to touch upon the dinner, and Mr. Bessent declined to remark for this text.

The bumpy welcome was reflective of Mr. Bessent’s first few months in what could be probably the most tough job in Washington. Wall Avenue hailed his nomination in hopes that he can be a voice of moderation who may mood Mr. Trump’s instincts to lob scattershot tariffs all over the world.

Now Mr. Bessent, 62, is on the heart of an unsightly commerce warfare with China that economists concern may reignite inflation and trigger a world recession. By most metrics, the U.S. economic system was the strongest on the earth when Mr. Trump took workplace in January, main some analysts to explain the president’s actions as a historic self-inflicted wound akin to a soccer participant’s scoring a purpose towards his personal staff.

“It’s one of many largest own-goals in diplomacy and economics and commerce that I feel we’ve ever completed,” mentioned David Autor, an M.I.T. economist.

Earlier than becoming a member of the administration, Mr. Bessent had expressed his personal doubts about tariffs. However Mr. Trump’s protectionist commerce instincts are notoriously laborious to corral.

As a former hedge fund supervisor who based Key Sq. Group, Mr. Bessent wrote in a letter to traders simply final 12 months that he was skeptical of tariffs: “Tariffs are inflationary and would strengthen the greenback — hardly a very good start line for a U.S. industrial renaissance.”

However as Treasury secretary, Mr. Bessent has needed to publicly stick near the administration’s pro-tariff stance. He now argues that tariffs is not going to be inflationary however will as a substitute inflict a one-time “value adjustment” on the economic system.

A few of his feedback have raised eyebrows. After China responded to Mr. Trump’s tariffs by imposing greater levies on American merchandise, Mr. Bessent downplayed the potential impression on the U.S. economic system, saying “So what?” In his view, the USA holds the higher hand, as a result of China is reliant on exports to America.

Two days later, Beijing retaliated with even stiffer levies, escalating the financial battle between the world’s largest economies and sending jitters via monetary markets.

As markets suffered their worst rout in years, Mr. Bessent instructed that individuals near retirement had been in all probability not paying a lot consideration to the falling worth of their nest eggs.

“People who need to retire proper now, People who’ve put away for years of their financial savings accounts, I feel they don’t have a look at the day-to-day fluctuations of what’s taking place,” he mentioned on NBC’s “Meet the Press” final Sunday.

The Democratic Nationwide Committee seized on Mr. Bessent’s remark that the economic system is in “fairly fine condition,” noting that the inventory market had been tanking.

Mr. Bessent has been thrust right into a considerably uncomfortable place provided that the administration’s commerce agenda has been extra aggressive than most consultants anticipated.

Mr. Trump imposed tariffs on practically each nation, together with levies of at the least as 145 p.c on Chinese language imports. The strikes despatched shares plunging, strained the bond market and led economists to boost their recession odds.

Some high Republican lawmakers, together with Senator Ted Cruz of Texas, have additionally come out towards the tariffs. Mr. Cruz warned on the newest episode of his podcast that tariffs are taxes on customers.

“It’s horrible for America,” he mentioned. “It might destroy jobs right here at residence and do actual harm to the U.S. economic system if we had tariffs in every single place.”

Mr. Bessent has managed to reasonable Mr. Trump’s method, to a level. Throughout a visit to Mar-a-Lago final Sunday to temporary the president on the volatility, Mr. Bessent persuaded him to pause so-called reciprocal tariffs on dozens of nations and start commerce talks with these nations. Upon returning, Mr. Bessent, who had maintained that he was principally targeted on tax coverage, mentioned he was taking a number one function in commerce talks.

On Friday night, the administration published a rule that appeared to exempt smartphones, computer systems, semiconductors and different electronics from many of the president’s punishing tariffs on China, giving tech corporations like Apple and Dell a reprieve.

Nevertheless, the deepening confrontation with China instructed that there will probably be extra volatility as Mr. Bessent engages in debates with Peter Navarro, Mr. Trump’s commerce adviser, and Howard Lutnick, the commerce secretary, who’ve endorsed a extra hawkish method.

“The most effective half is that he might be there as an adviser,” mentioned Marlene Jupiter, who labored with Mr. Bessent for 5 years when he ran Bessent Capital. She mentioned his deep information of markets ought to assist calm traders who had been nervous concerning the commerce uncertainty, however “I don’t know the way a lot Trump listens or doesn’t hear.”

The Treasury secretary’s incapacity to restrain Mr. Trump extra successfully has dismayed some traders.

“Within the sense that I’m dissatisfied in Bessent, it’s that Mnuchin and Cohn by no means let it get this far,” mentioned Spencer T. Hakimian, the founding father of Tolou Capital Administration, a New York hedge fund. Mr. Mnuchin, as Treasury secretary, and Gary Cohn, as director of the Nationwide Financial Council, had been two financial advisers in Mr. Trump’s first time period who warned him towards the overuse of tariffs.

“The entire motive why markets had been thinking about Bessent,” Mr. Hakimian added, “is as a result of they noticed him as being Mnuchin 2.0 — a standard Wall Avenue man who wouldn’t let it get to this.”

Mark Sobel, who served on the Treasury Division for practically 4 a long time, famous that Mr. Bessent was being credited with scaling again the reciprocal tariffs however raised questions on how he has publicly justified them.

“It is going to be laborious for People to see him as a reputable and severe financial spokesperson given feedback corresponding to that the tariff ups and downs had been the technique all alongside, or residents shouldn’t fret about day-to-day inventory market fluctuations when their 401(ok)s are tanking,” Mr. Sobel mentioned.

Finally, nevertheless, remaining selections over tariffs will lie with Mr. Trump.

“Whereas the Treasury secretary is seniormost financial official in administration, the president is the captain of any staff,” mentioned R. Glenn Hubbard, a former deputy assistant secretary on the Treasury Division. “Regardless of the Treasury secretary says must be on the identical web page because the president.”

Throughout the dinner with Mr. Bessent, the previous secretaries provided encouragement, counsel and historic perspective amid their considerations about Mr. Trump’s insurance policies, folks conversant in the matter mentioned.

In a single trade, Mr. Summers, who served within the Clinton administration, instructed pointed tales about George Shultz, who was nominated to be Treasury secretary by President Richard M. Nixon in 1972 and stood as much as his boss over defunding universities and utilizing the Inside Income Service to audit political enemies.

In a recent social media post, Mr. Summers mentioned that if he had been nonetheless in authorities, he would have resigned over the evaluation that the Trump administration produced to help its tariff plan.

Mr. Blumenthal mentioned he wished Mr. Bessent luck in a job that’s extra difficult when “what’s finest for nation is totally different than what the president needs.”

He added that historically the welcoming meals had been gentle on coverage dialogue or recommendation from Treasury veterans.

“This time was a really special day,” Mr. Blumenthal mentioned.

Ana Swanson contributed reporting.